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Cities are centers of social, economic, and political activities. They are home for millions of people and a space that reveals the characteristics of modern people’s lives. Cities continue to grow and change, with housing and industry, people and capital, and culture and technology concentrated inside them. Cities are like a barometer that shows the achievements of modern people in a splendid form. However, as the population is densely concentrated, cities face various problems such as unemployment, poverty, diseases, housing shortages, traffic congestion, water supply problems, and waste disposal and collection problems. All kinds of pollution, disasters, and accidents can arise, while living conditions deteriorate due to a lack of public facilities, and urban crimes occur. The older the city, the greater the differences between the older and newer sections, revealing stark contrasts.

Urban environment collectively refers to the physical and nonphysical environmental elements that constitute a city. As times pass and change, urban environments also need modification, supplementation, and change. Seoul, Korea’s most representative city, has also been carrying out various types of urban environment improvement projects to use the land more efficiently, restore urban functions in the city centers, and revitalize commercial districts.

Cities have a huge impact on lives of modern people and the future of nations. How, then, should we develop cities? We will discuss cities that evolve through new perspectives, values, and efforts to create better urban environments.